Generate Pem Encoded Private Key
I want to use JWT generate policy using RSA256 algorithm. This is for learning purpose, so I'm using assign message policy for 'private.privatekey' which has to be PEM encoded RSA private key. I thought of using a sample base64 encoded strin, but it did'nt worked out. I'm a 500 response. Jul 17, 2017 How to Generate pem file to ssh the server without Password in Linux HOW TO CREATE SNAPSHOT And RESTORE OF ELASTICSEARCH CLUSTER DATA Command Line Tools to Monitoring & Managing Linux Performance/Process. Jul 17, 2017 How to Generate pem file to ssh the server without Password in Linux HOW TO CREATE SNAPSHOT And RESTORE OF ELASTICSEARCH CLUSTER DATA Command Line Tools to Monitoring & Managing Linux Performance/Process.
- Openssl Key Pem
- Openssl Extract Key From Pem
- Generate Pem Encoded Private Keys
- Generate Pem Encoded Private Key Number
An RSA private key gets written into a PEM encoded file whose tag is 'RSA PRIVATE KEY' and whose payload is the ASN.1 (ITU-T X.680) RSAPrivateKey (PKCS#1 / RFC3447) structure, usually DER-encoded (ITU-T X.690) - though since it isn't signed there's not a particular DER restriction, but many readers may be assuming DER.
Introduction
This document describes the procedure to generate certificates which have to be uploaded with every fresh installation of AMP Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). With the introduction of AMP Private Cloud 3.X, hostnames and certificate/key pairs are required for all of the following services:
- Administration Portal
- Authentication (new in Private Cloud 3.X)
- FireAMP Console
- Disposition Server
- Disposition Server - Extended Protocol
- Disposition Update Service
- Firepower Management Center
Here, we will discuss a quick way to generate and upload the required certificates. You may tweak each of the parameters, including the hashing algorithm, key size, and others, as per your organization's policy, and your mechanism of generating these certificates might not match with what is detailed here.
Prerequisites
Components Used
Cisco recommends that you have knowledge of these topics:
- Windows Server 2008 onwards
- AMP Private Cloud installation
- Public Key Infrastructure
Requirements
The information in this document is based on these software and hardware versions:
- Windows Server 2008
- CentOS 7
- AMP Virtual Private Cloud 3.0.2
Warning: The procedure mentioned below can vary as per your CA server configuration. It is expected that the CA server of your choice is already provisioned and the configuration of the same has been completed. The following technote just describes an example of generating the certificates and Cisco TAC will not be involved in troubleshooting issues related to certificate generation and/or CA server issues of any kind.
Generate Certificates on Window Server
Ensure that the following roles are installed and configured on your Windows Server.
- Active Directory Certificate Services
- Certification Authority
- Certification Authority Web Enrollment
- Online Responder
- Certificate Enrollment Web Service
- Certificate Enrollment Policy Web Service
- Active Directory Domain Services
- DNS Servers
- Web Server (IIS)
Generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)
Step 1. Navigate to MMC console, and add the Certificates snap-in for your computer account as shown in the image here.
Step 2. Drill down Certificates (Local Computer) > Personal > Certificates.
Step 3. Right click on the empty space and select All Tasks > Advanced Operations > Create Custom Request
Step 4. Click Next at the Enrollment window.
Step 5. Select your certificate enrollment policy and click Next.
Step 6. Choose the template as Web Server and click Next.
Step 7. If your 'Web Server' template has been configured correctly and is available for enrollment, you will see the status as 'Available' here. Click 'Details' to expand click on Properties.
Step 8. At a minimum, add the CN and DNS attributes. The rest of the attributes can be added as per your security requirements.
Step 9. Optionally, give a Friendly Name under the General tab.
Step 10. Click on the PrivateKey tab and ensure that you're enabling Make private key exportable under the Key Options section.
Step 11. Finally, click on OK. This should lead you to the Certificate Enrollment dialog from where you can click on Next.
Step 12. Browse to a location to save the .req file which will be submitted to the CA server for signing.
Submitting the CSR to the CA and generating the certificate
Step 1. Navigate to your MS AD Certificate Services Web Page as below and click 'Request a Certificate'
Step 2. Click on the advanced certificate request link.
Step 3. Click on Submit a certificate request by using a base-64-encoded CMC or PKCS #10 file, or submit a renewal request by using a base-64-encoded PKCS #7 file.
Step 4. Open the contents of the previously saved .req file (CSR) via Notepad. Copy the contents and paste it here. Ensure that the Certificate Template is selected as Web Server
Step 5. Finally, click on Submit.
Step 6. At this point, you should be able to Download the certificate as shown in the image here.
Exporting the Private Key and converting to PEM format
Step 1. Install the certificate into your Certificate Store by opening the .cer file and clicking on Install Certificate.
Step 2. Navigate to the MMC snap-in that was selected earlier.
Step 3. Navigate to the store where the certificate was installed.
Step 4. Right click the correct certificate, select All Tasks > Export.
Step 5. At the Certificate Export Wizard, confirm to export the private key as shown in the image.
Step 6. Enter a password and click Next to save the private key on your disk.
Step 7. This will save the private key in .PFX format, however, this needs to be converted to .PEM format to use this with AMP VPC.
Step 8. Install OpenSSL libraries from here:https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Binaries
Step 9. Open a command prompt window and change to the directory where you installed OpenSSL.
Step 10. Run the following command to extract the private key and save it to a new file: (If your PFX file is not in the same path as where the OpenSSL library is stored, you will have to specify the exact path along with the filename)
Step 11. Now run the following command to also extract the public cert and save it to a new file:
Generate Certificate on Linux Server
Ensure that the Linux server that you're trying to generate the required certificates has the OpenSSL libraries installed. Verifying if this and the procedure listed below will vary from the Linux distribution that you're running. This portion has been documented, as done on a CentOS 7 server.
Generate Self Signed RootCA
Step 1. Generate the Private Key for Root CA certificate
Step 2. Generate the CA certificate
Generate a certificate for each service
Create the certificate for Authentication, Console, Disposition, Disposition-Extended, Update server, Firepower Management Center(FMC) service as per the DNS name entry. You need to repeat below certificate generate process for each service (Authentication, Console etc.)
Generate Private key
Replace the <example.key> with actual certificate key such as Auth-Cert.key.
Generate CSR
Replace the <example.csr> with actual certificate CSR such as Auth-Cert.csr
Generate Certificate
Replace <example.csr>, <example.crt> with actual certificate CSR and certificate name
Adding The Certificates to AMP VPC
Openssl Key Pem
Step 1. Once the certificates are generated from any of the above methods, upload the corresponding certificate for each of the services. If they have been generated correctly, all the check marks are enabled as seen in the image here.
Verify
There is currently no verification procedure available for this configuration.
Troubleshoot
There is currently no specific troubleshooting information available for this configuration.
While Encrypting a File with a Password from the Command Line using OpenSSLis very useful in its own right, the real power of the OpenSSL library is itsability to support the use of public key cryptograph for encrypting orvalidating data in an unattended manner (where the password is not required toencrypt) is done with public keys.
The Commands to Run
Generate a 2048 bit RSA Key
Openssl Extract Key From Pem
You can generate a public and private RSA key pair like this:
openssl genrsa -des3 -out private.pem 2048
That generates a 2048-bit RSA key pair, encrypts them with a password you provideand writes them to a file. You need to next extract the public key file. You willuse this, for instance, on your web server to encrypt content so that it canonly be read with the private key.
Export the RSA Public Key to a File
This is a command that is
openssl rsa -in private.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem
The -pubout flag is really important. Be sure to include it.
Next open the public.pem and ensure that it starts with-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----. This is how you know that this file is thepublic key of the pair and not a private key.
To check the file from the command line you can use the less command, like this:
less public.pem
Do Not Run This, it Exports the Private Key
A previous version of the post gave this example in error.
openssl rsa -in private.pem -out private_unencrypted.pem -outform PEM
The error is that the -pubout was dropped from the end of the command.That changes the meaning of the command from that of exporting the public keyto exporting the private key outside of its encrypted wrapper. Inspecting theoutput file, in this case private_unencrypted.pem clearly shows that the keyis a RSA private key as it starts with -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----.
Visually Inspect Your Key Files
It is important to visually inspect you private and public key files to makesure that they are what you expect. OpenSSL will clearly explain the nature ofthe key block with a -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- or -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----.
You can use less to inspect each of your two files in turn:
less private.pemto verify that it starts with a-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----less public.pemto verify that it starts with a-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
The next section shows a full example of what each key file should look like.
The Generated Key Files
The generated files are base64-encoded encryption keys in plain text format.If you select a password for your private key, its file will be encrypted withyour password. Be sure to remember this password or the key pair becomes useless.
The private.pem file looks something like this:
The public key, public.pem, file looks like:
Generate Pem Encoded Private Keys
Protecting Your Keys
Depending on the nature of the information you will protect, it’s important tokeep the private key backed up and secret. The public key can be distributedanywhere or embedded in your web application scripts, such as in your PHP,Ruby, or other scripts. Again, backup your keys!
Remember, if the key goes away the data encrypted to it is gone. Keeping aprinted copy of the key material in a sealed envelope in a bank safety depositbox is a good way to protect important keys against loss due to fire or harddrive failure.
Generate Pem Encoded Private Key Number
Oh, and one last thing.
If you, dear reader, were planning any funny business with the private key that I have just published here. Know that they were made especially for this series of blog posts. I do not use them for anything else.
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